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Solar thermal energy
The thermal effect of the solar energy can be experimented immediately, without any technological help, exposing our body to direct sunlight. The Byzantine historian ZONARAS tells that Archimedes destroyed the Roman fleet of the general Marcello, during the siege of 213 B.C., thanks to mirrors reflecting the solar energy:

“Finally he burnt the whole fleet in an amazing way. Directing a plane and thin mirror to the sun, he concentrated the rays on its surface, the air around burnt itself and a burst of flame reached the anchored ships destroying them”. (Zonaras, Epitome 4.3).

The technology of that time probably allowed to cause serious damages but we don’t think it could create the devastation described. However, already at that time people knew the potentialities of the solar thermal energy when the sun rays are concentrated. When we were children, we all tried to burn some paper using a magnifying lens to concentrate the sun rays. In short we can say that the use of the solar thermal energy is almost intuitive and intrinsic.

Sola Thermal Collectors Systems
Solar collectors are the active part of a solar thermal system. They are divided into 2 important groups:

AT LOW TEMPERATURE
- Flat-plate collectors for the production of hot water o
- Vacuum collectors for the production of hot water o
- Air flat-plate collectors (hot air – dryers, heating, ext.)

AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Concentration collectors for the production of electrical energy The solution “at low temperature” is used for the traditional applications in the hot water production plants for sanitary uses and for the integration of heating in the buildings. Thanks to the continue innovations, these systems with solar thermal collectors are able to reach excellent results also in winter when the external temperatures are low and the solar radiation coefficient is minimum. On the contrary, the solution “at high temperature” is still on trial for the production of vapour for the supply of turbines for the production of electrical energy.


Forced-circulation plant


 
 
 
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